الوصايا الخمس للسيسي من معلمته الأمريكية

http://www.masralarabia.com/صحافة-أجنبية/255099-الوصايا-الخمس-للسيسي-من-معلمته-الأمريكية

 

شريفة زهور
أجرى الحوار: محمود سلامة
في: الأحد, 20 أبريل 2014 20:59
آخر تعديل: الأحد, 20 أبريل 2014 23:27
لابد أن يقنع المواطنين به كي ينتخبوه .. عليه أن يدير أفضل حملة دعائية .. والأهم من ذلك انتقاء المحيطين به وأفراد الحكومة بعناية .. ينبغي عليه التركيز على الإصلاح الاقتصادي وإصلاح منظومة الداخلية من أجل إعادة الاستقرار.

كانت هذه أهم النقاط التي ذكرتها الأستاذة السابقة بالكلية الحربية الأمريكية شريفة زهور في مقابلتها مع مصر العربية، والتي تعد بمثابة وصايا للمشير عبد الفتاح السيسي الذي درست له أثناء دراسته في كلية الحرب الأمريكية.

وشددت زهور على حتمية أن يقوم السيسي، حال فوزه بمنصب رئيس الجمهورية، بإصلاح منظومة وزارة الداخلية، قائلة إن الداخلية تفتقر إلى التدريب، ولابد من كبح جماح التهور ومعاقبة المتهورين في هذه المنظومة، مؤكدة أن “السيسي الرئيس” ستكون مهمته صعبة للغاية.

وعلاوة على ذلك، أشارت إلى ضرورة أن يعاد النظر في قضايا المعتقلين في السجون المصرية، والذين تم القبض عليهم في مرحلة ما بعد الإطاحة بالرئيس السابق محمد مرسي، وإطلاق سراح من لم يثبت عليه ارتكاب جرم.

عن السيسي

وأوضحت زهور، مديرة معهد دراسات الشرق الأوسط والدراسات الإسلامية واالاستراتيجية، أنها أتيحت لها فرصة، أثناء الفترة التي درست فيها للسيسي، التعامل معه عن قرب ومعرفة بعض السمات لشخصيته، لافتة إلى أنه كان من غير المسموح لها في السابق الإدلاء بأي تصريح، إلا أنها يمكنها الآن الحديث للصحافة لأنها لم تعد في الخدمة.

وفي هذا الصدد، قالت زهور إنها حرصت في هذه الفترة على الحديث عن السيسي لأنها وجدت أن هناك أكاذيب كثيرة تشاع حوله من قبل من وصفتهم بالمغرضين.

وقالت إن من هذه الأكاذيب ما أشيع عنه في السابق أنه إخواني متخفي، وهو ما كان قد قيل عنه بعد أن تم اختياره وزيرا للدفاع من قبل مرسي، مضيفة أنه ليس كذلك، لكنه متدين.

أما في يومنا هذا، وفقا لزهور، تسعى وسائل الإعلام الغربية إلى البحث عن أي نقاط سلبية في شخصية السيسي، لافتة في الوقت ذاته إلى أن مواقف الجماعات الحقوقية منه غامض.

وأشارت إلى أن السيسي يكفيه أن نال ثقة الجيش، لافتة إلى أن هذه الثقة ليست وليدة اليوم، وإنما تجلت هذه الثقة سابقا في أن الجيش أرسله للدراسة في الكلية الحربية الأمريكية.

وقالت إن السيسي يتميز بالذكاء والنضوج، ووصفته بأنه متفاعل جيد مع الجميع ويجيد النقاش والمناظرات ومتسامح حتى من يهاجمونه، والدليل على ذلك أنه لم يتخذ أي إجراء ضد من روجوا للهاشتاج المسئ له (والذي وصفته بأنه سيئ للغاية)، على حد قولها.

وفي هذا الصدد، اعتبرت أنه يجب إرشاد المواطنين لكيفية استخدام الحرية الممنوحة لهم بشكل صحيح وعدم الإفراط في استخدامها.

وأوضحت أن السيسي حريص على التزام بالمبادئ العسكرية، وأنه يتصرف كما يقول الجيش، مشيرة إلى أنه تلقى تدريبات في الكلية الحربية الأمريكية عن كيفية مواجهة الإرهاب.

قالت إن السيسي يتميز أيضا بالهدوء واللباقة والإلمام بقضايا في التاريخ والسياسة الإقليمية، كما أنه كان لديه الجاهزية للدخول في مناظرات، لكن ليس بعدائية.

وأضافت أن السيسي، شأنه في ذلك شأن وزير الدفاع الحالي صدقي صبحي الذي درست له في العام الدفعة السابقة لدفعة السيسي، كان واضحا في أن الولايات المتحدة خاضت حربا أكبر من إمكاناتها في العراق وفي حربها ضد الإرهاب، مشيرة إلى أنه كان يختلف عن صبحي في أنه أكثر دبلوماسية وأكثر هدوءا، بينما كان صبحي أكثر مرحا من السيسي.

السيسي وأمريكا

وفيما يتعلق بمستقبل علاقات مصر الخارجية إذا تولى السيسي الرئاسة، أوضحت زهور أن علاقة السيسي بالسعودية ستساعده على حكم مصر، فالسعودية والإمارات بات لهما نفوذ سياسي في مصر (حسب قولها)، لكنها اعتبرت أن ذلك ليس سيئا، فهو على الأقل أفضل من المرحلة التي كانت تشهد عداء بين مصر والسعودية إبان فترة حكم الزعيم الراحل جمال عبد الناصر.

وأكدت على حاجة إلى إمدادات بالسلاح، ليس فقط من أجل استقرار مصر، وإنما من أجل استقرار المنطقة بالكامل، معربة عن اعتقاده بأن ما يحدث في مصر ينعكس على سائر المنطقة.

وأشارت إلى أن السيناريو المتوقع في هذا الصدد هو أن تحصل مصر على سلاح روسي بأموال سعودية، لكنها رأت أيضا أن مصر بحاجة إلى إعادة علاقتها مع الولايات المتحدة إلى طبيعتها.

وأضافت أنه ليس شرطا أن يتم تطبيق الديمقراطية في مصر بالمفهوم الأمريكي، وأنه ليس من مصلحة أوباما والولايات المتحدة الاستغناء عن حليف هام كمصر.

وقالت إن مصر حليف قوي للولايات المتحدة، معربة عن أملها في أن تقر الولايات المتحدة بأنه من الخطأ الانفصال عن مصر، فالتحالف مع مصر مهم من أجل مواصلة تحالفاتها في الشرق الأوسط.

ولفتت إلى أن البيت الأبيض والخارجية الأمريكية كانا يدعمان الإخوان في مصر أثناء فترة حكمهم، لكن موقف وزير الخارجية الأمريكي جون كيري الحالي أكثر إيجابية من موقف الكونجرس.

الانتخابات القادمة

ووصفت زهور الدستور المصري الجديد بأنه جيد، لاسيما المواد المتعلقة بحرية الصحافة والحريات بصفة عامة، معتبرة أنه من الأفضل لمصر النظام المتعدد الأحزاب وليس النظام المعتمد على حزبين فقط كما هو الحال في الولايات المتحدة.

وقالت الانتخابات الرئاسية هذه المرة قد لا تكون تنافسية بشكل كبير، عازية ذلك إلى أن السيسي يتمتع بشعبية لا يتمتع بها غيره، لكنها توقعت أن تكون الانتخابات التالية أكثر تنافسية.

وأشارت إلى أن ما يحدث في مصر مهم جدا بالنسبة للمنطقة بأسرها، موضحة أنها ترغب في الإطاحة بنظام الرئيس السوري بشار الأسد، إلا أنها تتوقع لسوريا الوصول لمصير مصر حال الإطاحة به.

وأعربت زهور عن دعمها للسيسي في الخطة التي أقدم عليها بإعلان عزمه الترشح للرئاسة.

وعن توقعاتها لنجاح السيسي في منصب الرئيس (حال فوزه)، قالت زهور إن ذلك يعتمد على الرؤى التي يتبناها ومجلس الوزراء الذي سيشكل حكومته، علاوة على مدى التوافق بين الفصائل السياسية التي ستكون ممثلة داخل البرلمان.

وقالت إن السيسي يتميز عن الرئيس السابق محمد مرسي بأنه يحظى بدعم من الشعب والجيش أكبر بكثير من الدعم الذي كان يحظى به مرسي.

وردا على الجدل الدائر حول فشل السيسي في حل المشاكل التي تواجه مصر رغم تمتعه بالدعم ذاته منذ يوليو الماضي، قالت زهور إن ذلك حكم سابق لأوانه، مضيفة أن السيسي طوال هذه الفترة لم يكن سوى وزيرا للدفاع في حكومة انتقالية كانت كل مهمتها تمهيد الطريق لحكومة قادمة أكثر استقرارا.

From One Historian of Egypt to Another: Political Comment and Teleology

In response to Khaled Fahmy’s latest post. (Dr. Fahmy is a historian at the American University in Cairo in the Department of History)

As a a scholar of nineteenth century history, you may term yourself a scholar of ‘modern’ Egypt in the academic sense (in academia, contemporary historians cover the present and recent past, modern historians of Egypt usually cover the period from Napoleon’s invasion to the turn of the century, or beyond) but why — other than demonstrating your command over your own period of expertise — do you believe that institution-building of the nineteenth century is a blueprint for what transpired during and after January 25, 2011? And why insist so specifically that Egypt’s military have NOT saved the country from the sort of bloodletting that Syria’s military engaged in (that is certainly the bottom line)? A contemporary historian would be compelled to admit that the human toll (deaths, torture, imprisonment, death by starvation, refugee numbers) resulting from Syria’s revolution is immensely higher than in Egypt, in absolute numbers and proportionally.

You wrote:

السيسي ومستشاريه مقتنعين فعلا بكده، ومعاهم قطاع كبير من الإعلاميين ال نجحوا في تصوير ٢٥ يناير على إنها مؤامرة من ناس مأجورة بايعة البلد ومش هاممها لو مصر بقت زي سوريا.

لكن الحقيقة غير كده.
Not only do you insist on this point, but you claim it is Field Marshall al-Sisi and his advisors who came to this conclusion, whereas in fact, this idea is asserted by vast numbers of people who would have preferred a civilian candidate if there were a viable one as well as individuals who haven’t yet decided who to support.

You return to Mohammad Ali Pasha’s period to speak of Egypt’s achievements in vaccinating against smallpox and teaching medicine. Then you rightly condemn the current disastrous situation in health care given the epidemics of hepatitis and bilharzia. I too studied with a biographer of Mohammad Ali Pasha, Afaf Lutfi al-Sayyid (Marsot). However, her use of these examples of early state development was usually to point out how Great Britain had de-industrialized and discouraged Egypt’s growth and development. Even that is besides the point at present.

While miracles are needed today, in both the sphere of public health, and reform of the judiciary (as you also point out), I don’t see why we must infer that the transitional government, or the one to be elected will necessarily be any worse than the Mubarak government which brought public health, the judiciary, and if I might add, the security sector and public education to their current sorry states, and which led to the violations of human rights alluded to here along with castigation of the military for retaining control over its own budget:

ولما كنا بنهتف ضد العسكر وبنقول “يسقط يسقط حكم العسكر” ما كناش بننادي بتسريح الجيش ولا بهزيمته. إنما كنا بنطالب بحقنا في إننا نتدرب بجد لما نتجند، وإن تجنيدنا ما يبقاش لحساب الهانم مرات البيه الضابط، وإن الجيش دوره ينحصر في الدفاع عن الحدود وما لوش دعوة بمحطات البنزين ولا بصوابع الكفتة، وإن ميزانية الجيش تبقى خاضعة لرقابة المجلس التشريعي علشان الناس تبقى عارفة فلوسها رايحة فين، وإن ضباط الجيش يعرفوا إن دي أموال البلد مش عرق الجيش، وإن ما فيش أي حد يحق له إنه يعذب المواطنين المصريين في المتحف المصري أو أي متحف تاني، ولا يكشف على عذرية البنات المصريات ال نزلوا يطالبوا بحقهم في حياة كريمة، ومؤسسات تخدمهم، وبلد محترم يحترمهم.

People might assume from the above that the military still conduct virginity tests, (they were partially outlawed. http://www.cnn.com/2011/12/27/world/meast/egypt-virginity-tests/) and while it is a shame that Samira Ibrahim’s case against the military failed, is that surprising in the context of disastrous treatment of detainees and prisoners for the last decades? How am I to understand the fact that you single out the military in the latter part of your essay, suggesting that they are ill-prepared to undertake any of the nation’s needed reforms and not the security forces of the Ministry of Interior for what you write is your inability to “be safe in our homes”?

Somehow the impression is given that Egypt is about to elect a military government, and not a civilian government. Why would a ‘modern historian’ choose to give such an impression?

Let’s return to this inaccurate insistence that Egyptian history runs in a unidimensional pattern. The military is not an individual. That numerous motivations may be at work in an organization, is a given. But this is no secret. There is no need to go on insisting that the praetorianism of the Egyptian state is as it was in the 19th century, or the 1950s and ’60s. And there are many aspects on which you are silent — for instance, the U.S. role in promoting the Muslim Brotherhood into seizing its political opportunity post-Feb. 11, 2011. It is likewise popular in many circles to discuss self-serving aspects of the military’s decision, exaggerating their stability and economic holdings.

From all this we don’t gain any new understanding of the two revolutions of 1/25/11 and 6/30/13, mostly because you discounted the phenomena of civilians acting en masse and populism.

In the years I lived and taught in Egypt, I heard many quasi-scholarly discussions begin by asking “Why don’t Egyptians rebel?” and involving grotesque Orientalist assessments of the Egyptian character. I answered by looking at the various theories of revolution we had developed up to that time from Marx to Ted Gurr’s argument in _Why Do Men Rebel_, and concluded that eventually Egyptians would rebel, as they did. This supposed passivity should no longer be part of the currently pressing question of “what did Egyptians gain/what will they gain from the revolution?” Neither should we remain mired in an externally-defined and teleological question, “why do Egyptians assent to the military”? While certain Western journalists obsessively resort to this trope, just as they or their editors love to include the word ‘Pharoah’ in their article titles, you, as a scholar must certainly must be able to discern that it is ahistorical to project consistency from one era (or decade, or period of a few years) onto another. And it is far too soon to conclude “the revolution has failed” or that the military will always dominate.

Here are Khaled Fahmy’s comments in full:
يمكن فعلا الواحد لازم يشرح بديهيات الأشياء.

إحنا فعلا رددنا هتاف “الشعب يريد إسقاط النظام”، وقولنا بعلو صوتنا “يسقط يسقط حكم العسكر”، وطالبنا بقوة ووضوح بضرورة إعادة هيكلة الداخلية. بس هل ده كان يعني إننا كنا عاوزين إننا نسقط الدولة ونجيبها الأرض؟ هل كنا عاوزين فعلا إن جيشنا ينهار؟ هل كنا بنطالب بتحطيم جهاز الأمن وإن البلد تبقى مفتوحة سداح مداح؟

السيسي ومستشاريه مقتنعين فعلا بكده، ومعاهم قطاع كبير من الإعلاميين ال نجحوا في تصوير ٢٥ يناير على إنها مؤامرة من ناس مأجورة بايعة البلد ومش هاممها لو مصر بقت زي سوريا.

لكن الحقيقة غير كده.

أنا ما أقدرش اتكلم عن غيري وأدعي إني عارف كل واحد نزل وهتف ليه ضد النظام والداخلية والجيش. ممكن أتكلم بس عن نفسي.

أنا دارس لتاريخ مصر الحديث، وشايف إنه تاريخ مشرف وجميل. شايف إن إحنا كشعب وكبلد عرفنا نحقق حاجات كثيرة، وبنينا دولة حديثة بمؤسسات حديثة. أنا بأدرس تاريخ المؤسسات دي، تحديدا: الجيش والقضاء والشرطة والمستشفيات (وبشكل أقل الصحافة والنقابات والجامعات). المؤسسات دي هي ال أعطت لمصر الريادة في المنطقة. ريادة مصر على جيرانها مش نتيجة السبعة آلاف سنة والأهرامات ومينا موحد القطرين والكلام ال بيرددوه في الإعلام والمدارس.

الريادة في العصر الحديث سببها إننا بدأنا في بناء مؤسسات الدولة الحديثة قبل جيراننا بماية أو ماية وخمسين سنة على الأقل.

لكن المشكلة إن المؤسسات دي فيها خلل جوهري: المؤسسات دي بتخدم نفسها مش بتخدمنا إحنا كمواطنين.

يعني مثلا: الداخلية مش بتحميني كمواطن لكنها بتمتهن كرامتي وبتعذبني في الأقسام والسجون. ونتيجة لإن ضباطها عارفين إنه لا رقيب عليهم فده خلاهم يهتموا بمصالحهم، ويتراخوا في الارتفاع بمستوى مهنتهم، ونتيجة ده كان تدهور مهارتهم في التحقيقات الجنائية، والنتيجة المنطقية لكل ده هو شعوري أنا كمواطن بعدم الأمان في بيتي.

القضاء نفس الحاجة. أنا دارس تاريخ القضاء المصري الحديث وطالع لي كتاب عن الموضوع ده كمان ثلاثة شهور. القضاء ده كان فعلا شامخ. بالميم فعلا وبجد مش تريقة. إنما ده كان من ماية سنة. النهارده القضاء ترهل وتراخي وتدهور. ما فيش فكر جديد، ولا عدالة ناجزة، ولا رقابة على القضاة. المحاكم منهارة، والعدالة بطيئة، والأحكام جائرة، والناس حقوقها ضايعة.

المؤسسات الصحية نفس الحاجة. أنا برضو دارس تاريخ المؤسسة دي. تاريخ ناصع، مشرف، يخلى الواحد فعلا يفتخر بيه. مصر كانت أول بلد في المنطقة تقوم بحملة ناجحة للتطعيم ضد الجدري، وكانت أول بلد في المنطقة تنجح في القيام بإحصاء عام ودقيق للسكان (سنة ١٨٤٨)، وكانت أول بلد في المنطقة تفتح مدارس طبية (القصر العيني) تدرّس الطب بناء على تشريح الجثث (مش كتب الأقدمين). والنتيجة: القضاء على الأوبئة من كوليرا لطاعون، إنخفاض معدلات الوفيات بين الأطفال، ارتفاع متوسط سن الوفاة، وتحسن ملحوظ في الصحة العامة. إنما ده كان برضه من ماية سنة. ده الوقت مستشفياتنا مرتع للمرض، شهادات الطب بتاعتنا مش معترف بيها في العالم، ومنظومة الصحة العامة منهارة، المرض بيفتك بصحة الناس: أغنياءهم وفقراءهم، والدولة بإهمالها هي ال بتتسبب أحيانا في نشر الأمراض والأوبئة، وخير مثال على ذلك مرض الكبد الوبائي ال كان من أهم أسباب انتشاره هذا الانتشار الرهيب استخدام إبر غير معقمة في مستوصفات وعيادات حكومية في الثمانينات في إطار الحملة القومية وقتها للقضاء على البلهارزيا.

أما الجيش فحدث ولا حرج. الجيش المصري كانت له صولات وجولات، غزى السودان والجزيرة العربية وكريت واليونان والشام وجنوب الأناضول، وحقق انتصارات مدوية. لكن ده برضه من أكثر من ماية سنة. جيشنا الحديث سجله سجل هزائم وانكسارات. وأي هزائم وانكسارات!! ١٩٦٧. أنا ما عنديش أدنى شك إن من أهم الأسباب (ومش كلها علشان ما حدش يقول لي طب وأمريكا وموازين القوى والصهيونية) ال ورا هذا السجل الشائن للجيش المصري الحديث هو غياب الرقابة الشعبية عليه. أنا مش قصدي إن تبقى فيه مناقشة عامة للخطط العسكرية، إنما قصدي إن الشعب، بمجلسه التشريعي، وصحافته، ورأيه العام، ومجلس وزراؤه يبقى له دور رقابي على أداء الجيش. يعني أنا كمواطن مصري اتجندت وخدمت في الجيش (سنة 1986) عندي شكوك حقيقية في الجاهزية القتالية للجيش، لإني بصراحة ما شفتش أي علامة جوه الجيش لقوة قتالية محترفة. كل ال شفتهم ضباط ورتب وفلوس ما لهاش آخر، لكن كل ده مالوش علاقة بالحرب، ولا بالتدريب، ولا بالمناورات ولا بالتحضير لأي قتال من أي نوع، اللهم إلا إذلال المجندين ومسح كرامتهم. وبعد إنهاء خدمتي كل ال شفته من الجيش طرق وكباري ومطاعم وشركات ونوادي ومحطات بنزين “وطنية” وناس بتهلل وتقول تسلم الأيادي. طب والتدريب؟ والتسليح؟ والعقيدة الجهادية بتاعت المؤسسة دي؟ دي أسئلة مش مسموح لينا إننا نقرب منها، مع إنها أسئلة مهمة ومحورية وتخص أمن وسلامة المواطن خاصة إننا عايشين في منطقة من أخطر وأدمى مناطق العالم.

ده تحليلي أنا. أنا لما نزلت يوم ٢٥ يناير والأيام والأسابيع والشهور التالية كنت بأنزل مش علشان عاوز أجيب الدولة دي الأرض. بالعكس. أنا نزلت مع أصحابي وزمايلي ال أظن كانوا بيشاركوني حسرتي على البلد علشان ما كانش هاين علينا التدهور ال شايفينه حوالينا والخراب ال أصاب مؤسسات البلد.

إحنا لما كنا بنهتف بإسقاط النظام ما كناش عاوزين نسقط البلد، إنما كنا عاوزين نسقط النظام الّ خرّب البلد.

لما كنا بننادي بضرورة إصلاح القضاء كنا بنطالب بتحقيق العدالة وبإنهاء الفساد ال بيرتع في صفوف القضاة، وإن المواطن يبقى من حقه الحصول على حقوقه المغتصبة بسرعة وكفاءة ويسر.

لما كنا بننادي بضرورة إعادة هيكلة الداخلية كنا بنؤكد على حقنا في الشعور بالأمن في بيوتنا، وفي نفس الوقت بحقنا في إننا منتعذبش في الأقسام ولا إننا نتهان على إيد أي ضابط شرطة معدّي في الشارع.

ولما كنا بنهتف ضد العسكر وبنقول “يسقط يسقط حكم العسكر” ما كناش بننادي بتسريح الجيش ولا بهزيمته. إنما كنا بنطالب بحقنا في إننا نتدرب بجد لما نتجند، وإن تجنيدنا ما يبقاش لحساب الهانم مرات البيه الضابط، وإن الجيش دوره ينحصر في الدفاع عن الحدود وما لوش دعوة بمحطات البنزين ولا بصوابع الكفتة، وإن ميزانية الجيش تبقى خاضعة لرقابة المجلس التشريعي علشان الناس تبقى عارفة فلوسها رايحة فين، وإن ضباط الجيش يعرفوا إن دي أموال البلد مش عرق الجيش، وإن ما فيش أي حد يحق له إنه يعذب المواطنين المصريين في المتحف المصري أو أي متحف تاني، ولا يكشف على عذرية البنات المصريات ال نزلوا يطالبوا بحقهم في حياة كريمة، ومؤسسات تخدمهم، وبلد محترم يحترمهم.

The Muslim Brotherhood and Acts of Violence in Egypt

Numerous misguided (originally) Asian Muslims in the UK and the US – which are heavily influenced by the Muslim Brotherhood, as well as Pres. Erdogan’s supporters in Turkey are defending criminal actions by members and supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, as well as affiliated groups which have sworn loyalty to ex-President Mohamed Morsi and are engaging in violence on an everyday basis in Egypt.

Among them, Mohamed Elibiary – a political figure entrusted with pursuing terrorism in the U.S. government , has repeatedly stated that the Muslim Brotherhood is unconnected with any acts of violence in Egypt. And I am sorry to say this attitude extends to individuals who supposedly advise on terrorism such as Mubin Shaikh of Canada and numerous members and supporters of CAIR and MPAC.

The Muslim Brotherhood itself issued a statement disavowing any connection with violence recently http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/98626/Egypt/Politics-/Brotherhood-releases-lengthy-statement-condemning-.aspx

The statement omits mention of  President Morsi’s contacts with Mohammad al-Zawahri, the AQAM’s claim to jihad until Morsi is “returned” and the MANY acts of violence below.

Those who read English probably aren’t aware of the trial and evidence (here in links to parts of telephone transcripts) which explain the connection between the Freedom & Justice Party and the Muslim Brotherhood and the radical jihadists in the Sinai.  http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/exposed-the-muslim-brotherhoodal-qaeda-connection/

But even discounting that – which I cannot — what about all the daily acts of violence in Egypt which still have not ceased!

Even liberal journalists are swallowing the fantasy that there are no acts of terrorism or violence or subtly (or not so subtly) suggesting they are staged, or describing them as “political violence,” and not terrorism. Quite a few academics (who I know because of my work on Islamist movements within Islamic studies) – notably from Georgetown and Qatar University, University of Arizona, University of Toronto have blasted any effort on academic lists to post or hold discussions about what is going on in Egypt, unless these are rants against al-Sisi/”military dictatorship” or continuing accusations regarding the violence at Rabaa or Nahda last summer. They even rejected the report of Egypt’s National Council on Human Rights – -without reading it, and without realizing that some on that Council had strongly deplored violations of demonstrators and journalists’ rights since June.

I do intend to post some material soon on the campaign in the Sinai and the impact of the political divide in Egypt on its own extremist militants. Until then, here is a brief list of some of the acts of violence since the Mansoura attack, should you need a link to make the point that the Ikhwan have incited violence. (Many but not all were tweeted by Marlyn Tadros at @virtualactivism. Why? Well, you might think these actions were reported by the New York Times, or Washington Post, or McClatchy, and certainly by Reuters or AP, or AFP or in the European news, but in fact not many were. This is why Egyptians have been saying that foreign journalists are mainly concerned with the ‘rights’ of the Muslim Brotherhood, or influenced by their supporters at home.)

 

The Ikhwan leadership could easily diminish this violence by explicitly calling for its supporters and allies to cease attacks on authorities.

 

Apr. 29 #MuslimBrotherhood supporter was killed yesterday in #Damietta protest #Egypt http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=6b8b8107-5f5e-44ae-8222-23c44f4a1919

 

Apr. 28 – The man whose hand-made bomb exploded at home injuring him, his friends and family is none other than AlShater’s driver.

 

Apr. 28 Policeman injured in clashes with the Muslim Brotherhood in Minya http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/policeman-injured-clashes-brotherhood-minya

 

Apr. 28 16000 Muslim Brotherhood prisoners to go on hunger strike on Wednesday http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/16000-brotherhood-prisoners-go-hunger-strike-wednesday

 

Apr. 28 Ikhwan threaten to publicly mobilize after their Supreme Leader Badie is sentenced to death. http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/28/1446624

 

Apr. 28 Police entered Alexandria University to break up clashes between demonstrators and campus security personnel. http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/28/1446205

 

Apr. 28 Egypt’s jihadists threaten Pepsi. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/variety/2014/04/26/Fighting-the-fizz-Egypt-jihadists-threaten-Pepsi.html

 

Apr. 28 Police clash with Muslim Brotherhood students at Assiut University. http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/28/1445934

 

 

Apr. 28 A bomb was found today inside car of an army officer in Bein al-Sarayat, #Giza & was defused. #Egypt

 

Apr. 27 Source at Min of Int claims death of 2 men in shootout w police. The 2 accused of murdering journalist Mayada. http://www.masrawy.com/news/Cases/General/2014/April/28/5887539.aspx#HPOIMPNEWS

 

 

Apr 27 Police dispersed a Muslim Brotherhood march in Matareya using tear gas and birdshot, 7 people were injured. ‪http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/27/1445327 

 

Apr. 27 Ayman al-Zawahiri, leader of al-Qa’ida expressed solidarity with Egypt’s Muslim Brotherhood and called for AQ to kidnap Americans http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/04/27/al-qaeda-chief-declares-solidarity-muslim-brotherhood-urges-followers-kidnap-westerners/

 

Apr. 27 One family’s connection to Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis from a cell in Egypt http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/25/us-egypt-militancy-insight-idUSBREA3O0E720140425?utm_content=buffer76962&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

 

Apr. 27 Bomb explodes in Ikhwani home in Sharkiya [not Menya] injuring him,2 friends & 3 kids.Trying 2 make net-instructions home-made bomb

 

Apr 27 Gen. Morad al-Muwafi says

Apr. 25

Six ‪#Sinai militants killed; Seven Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis members arrested ‪#ABAM‪#Egypt‪http://bit.ly/1faPFMO 

 

Apr. 25 Clashes in Fayoum, leave 2 dead. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/99798/Egypt/Politics-/Clashes-at-proMorsi-rallies-leave-two-dead-.aspx

 

Apr. 24 Seven Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis members arrested in Egypt http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=6742e53c-58a6-4127-ad62-e92597afa431

 

Apr 24 Prosecution orders the arrest of 33 from the violence in Aswan (earlier in the month) http://thecairopost.com/news/107755/news/prosecution-orders-arrest-of-33-over-aswans-ethnic-conflict

 

 

 

 

 

Apr. 23 7 (6) militants wounded and 20 injured http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/world/2014-04/24/c_133286532.htm

http://allafrica.com/stories/201404241408.html?aa_source=slideout

 

Apr. 23 Egyptian authorities arrested a man accused of killing 4 Shiites [in July 2013], while attempting to escape to Libya ‪http://thecairopost.com/news/107704/news/suspect-in-shiite-killings-arrested 

 

Apr. 23 Teacher in Sharqiyya allegedly breaks the leg of a student who was singing a song for al-Sisi http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/24/1440636

 

Apr. 23

RT Police BG Ahmad Zaki & another officer assassinated in 6th October ‪#Egypt vid of car http://edition.cnn.com/2014/04/23/world/meast/egypt-car-explosion/index.html?hpt=hp_t4

‪https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oFf_aW41mc …

 

Apr. 22 #MuslimBrotherhood students at #Minya University firing at ppl. #NotAPeacefulDemonstration#Egypthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HYc6z7FBt5M

 

Apr. 22 #MuslimBrotherhood students illegally close off  #AinShams University #Egypthttp://bit.ly/1mu16yy

 

Apr. 21 Bomb found near an October church defused, of course ‪http://bit.ly/1kU5wih ‪#Elwatannews

 

 

Apr. 19 10 extremists arrested and a bomb defused In Northern Sinai http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/security-source-10-extremists-arrested-bomb-defused-north-sinai

 

 

 

Apr. 19 Azhar ‪#MB students blissfully set CBC’s broadcast car afire ‪http://owl.li/vWZbl 

 

Apr. 18 #MuslimBrotherhood burned shops in Ezbat al-Nakhl and their march was dispersed. #Egypt#Ikhwanhttp://thecairopost.com/news/107019/news/mb-burns-shops-in-ezbet-el-nakhl-march-dispersed

 

April 18 Muslim Brotherhood march burns a Sisi supporter’s house in Ezbet al-Nakhl, Cairo   bit.ly/1jQHbZL

 

 

 

 

Apr. 17 Police fire tear gas at Ikhwan marching at Matariyya who respond by throwing bricks and stones http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1619304

 

 

Apr. 17 Giza police conducted operations to arrest leaders of Agnad Masr in Kirdasa, Bulaq and other areas http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/17/1429865

 

 

Apr. 17 Leader of Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis was arrested in the Sinai http://elbadil.com/2014/04/17/سقوط-أبو-أنس-القيادي-بأنصار-بيت-المقدس/

 

 

Apr. 17 ‪Ikhwan leader arrested in ‪#Qena‪#Egypt  ‪http://alhayat.com/Articles/1855764/مصر–ضبط-قيادي-من–الإخوان–في-قنا

 

Apr. 16 A bomb explosion inside a tank wounds an Egyptian soldier in Arish http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=506f8354-74f2-46b0-b0e5-80037a830973

 

Apr. 15 Two were injured in a bomb planted on al-Faisal St. Haram, Giza (after Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis had promised many bombings on 4/15) http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/15/1427417

 

 

Apr 15 Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis leader arrested after murder of policeman in al-Arish on Monday (14^th) http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=17115aba-1dc9-4294-bfcf-60326aa8ae1e

 

 

Apr. 15

Investigators: Engineering students executed bomb attack at CairoUni that killed a senior MOI official 2 weeks ago ‪http://onaeg.com/?p=1604380 ”

 

Apr. 15 Mohamed Morsi’s release of dangerous prisoners in Egypt is linked to current violence there. http://www.emannabih.com/evidence-on-mohamed-mursis-direct-link-to-terror-acts-in-egypt/

 

Apr. 14

28 Copts were reportedly abducted by extremists in Minya in the last 3 month, ransom reached 6M EGP, police inactive. ‪http://www.light-dark.net/vb/showthread.php?t=1062950247 …

 

Apr. 14 Ikhwan students clash with other students inside Zagazig university campus, throwing stones & police enter to stop it.   http://www2.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1612204

 

Apr. 14 al-Azhar University expels 52 students (for violent demonstrations inside of campus)

 

Apr. 14 Army troops supported police across fr. #Nahda in clashes with #Ikhwan today near and inside Cairo University, where a student in the Faculty of Science called Mohamed Adel Attia is reported dead i

 

Apr. 14 Khaled Hussein, reporter 4 t/daily Youm 7, was shot in the chest during the clashes in front of the university’s main gates.

 

Apr. 14 Bomb discovered in front of N. Giza court, Mohandiseen & defused #Egypthttp://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/478966.aspx

 

Apr. 14 Mohammad Bakry Haroun was arrested on Apr. 12 in Cairo. He’s associated with the Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis, part of the Nasr City network & accused of Dakahliya and Cairo bombings. http://thecairopost.com/news/106323/news/prominent-ansar-bayt-al-maqdis-member-under-investigation-in-cairo

 

 

Apr. 13 The Muslim Brotherhood have reportedly moved their headquarters from London to Graz, Austria, following announcement of investigation into their activities in the UK   http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2603383/Muslim-Brotherhood-moves-headquarters-London-Austria-Cameron-announces-terror-investigation.html

 

Apr. 13 #Nusra Front fighter (#Syria) planned attacks in #Egypt and has been arrested. http://bit.ly/1iHWzUV

 

Apr. 13 #Egypt‘s army spokesman says 3 militants killed, 4 arrested in latest North Sinai operations http://fb.me/186WCYFjb

Also, armored trucks will be carrying recruits in the Sinai.

 

Apr. 13 Bomb found & defused, inside a church #Giza for Palm Sunday #Egypthttp://gate.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/4/28/478506/حـوادث/حوادث-محلية/العثو

 

Apr. 12 Police arrested an 8-member cell of the Muslim Brotherhood called the Deterrence Battalion in Menufiyya http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/eight-member-brotherhood-cell-arrested-monufiya

 

Apr. 12 RT #Ikhwan threw acid in the faces of police in #Fayoum#Egypt some injured http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/13/1422607

 

Apr. 12 – photo of municipality buiding burned by the Ikhwan back in August – in Montazah, Alexandria

‪pic.twitter.com/jED6Bxwr0b

 

Apr. 11 Explosive device defused in Sheikh Zuweid, North Sinai ‪http://goo.gl/bnEBX1 

 

Apr. 11 Muslim Brotherhood attack police with weapons and try to set fire to a checkpoint. Police killed two of them in Gharbiyya. http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=ff8ad64c-74b7-4e2a-922d-80d605255e85

 

Apr. 10 Granddaughter of Hassan al-Banna, a university professor struggles to protect the Muslim Brotherhood http://linkis.com/www.voanews.com/cont/5VKvk

 

Apr. 10 Committe leaves #Egypt with documentation of MuslimBrotherhood plotting in UK incuding Kemal Helbawi, N. Ibra;him and others   http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/11/1419991

 

Apr. 10 Brotherhood’s leading businessmen, Youssef Nada claimed on AlJazeera that the Brotherhood has formed new secret leadership.

 

Apr. 10 An second explosion took place in al-Hasri square in 6^th of October city just 50 meters away from the first explosion. http://elwatannews.com/news/details/458433

 

Apr. 10 A junior officer & policeman arrested for joining the jihadist group of Tharwat Shehata #Egypt http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/457750

 

Apr. 9 Clashes today between ‪#MuslimBrotherhood (‪Ikhwan) students and police in ‪#AlAzhar, ‪#AinShams, and ‪#Suez Canal universities.

Apr. 9 US designates Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis a ‪#terrorist group. Pretends not to notice connection with ‪#Ikhwan ‪#Egypt ‪http://m.state.gov/md224566.htm

 

Apr. 8 Allegations in the trial of Mohammed Morsi and an explanation of his connections with Ayman az-Zawahiri via his brother Mohammed http://www.raymondibrahim.com/from-the-arab-world/exposed-the-muslim-brotherhoodal-qaeda-connection/

 

 

Apr. 8 Muslim Brotherhood students with weapons and fire inside of Alexandria University http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/egypt/2014/04/08/طلاب-الإخوان-في-معركة-بالأسلحة-النارية-بجامعة-الإسكندرية-.html

 

Apr. 8 Four Islamist militants reportedly killed in North Sinai by Bedouin ‪http://goo.gl/vRXQuZ

 

Apr. 8 Freedom and Justice Party (Muslim Brotherhood) posts a photo of students breaking the 2nd gate at al-Azhar https://www.facebook.com/FJParty/photos/a.185765638151567.48353.185332328194898/726691124059013/?type=1

 

Apr. 8 #Azhar female students burn tires and burn Mustafa al-Nahhas road #Egypt http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1602051

 

Apr. 8 12 homemade bombs found at #AinShams University and defused #Ikhwan ‘peace’ #Egypt http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/98573/Egypt/Politics-/Ministry-of-Interior—handmade-bombs-found-on-Ain.aspx

Apr. 7 Al Azhar University dismisses 27 students for leading protests inside campus (with violence) http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/azhar-university-dismisses-27-students-leading-protests-inside-campus

 

Apr. 7 Beltagy’s wife threatens al-Sisi http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/07/1413470

 

 

Apr. 6 #Egypt’s university students were busy in 1427 protests this fall — not in class! http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/03/31/students-organised-1427-protests-fall-semester-democracy-meter/

 

Apr. 6 #Egypt’s Interior Ministry spokesman: Militants using foreign fighters who’ve been in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria in coordination with A #Ikhwan; and Ikhwan using students to engage in a 2nd type of violence – http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/98417.aspx

 

Apr. 6 Prosecutor refers #Zawahiri (his brother) & 67 others to court for planning violent attacks. #Egypthttp://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/455163

 

 

Apr. 6 Clashes today at #Cairo University, #Ain Shams University and #AlAzhar University between police and #Ikhwan students. #Egypt

 

Apr. 5 A plot to target al-Gorah airport in #Sinai was thwarted yesterday #Egypthttp://aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=98a34756-3f1f-41b6-be57-8f7458eaa276

 

Apr. 5 Violence broke out in Aswan at a reconcillation meeting on Friday between two families and continued through Saturday. The army spokesperson said there was Ikhwan influence in the clash, but haven’t seen details which prove that, yet. 23 killed, 40 wounded.

 

Apr. 4 Security forces dispersed protesters across Cairo today. http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=e3201cdd-a8bb-4e57-b215-d04dd31866fa

 

Apr. 4 Yesterday “gunmen killed 2 young men in the village of Mahdiya, accusing them of collaborating with the army.” ‪http://goo.gl/n9Yp5f ‪

 

Apr. 4 Clashes between #Ikhwan & police in Matariyya. Another ‘peaceful’ Friday. #Egypt http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/422656

Apr. 3 Policeman shot and killed near #Rafah #Sinai #Egypt http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/98243/Egypt/Politics-/Policeman-shot-and-killed-in-northern-Sinai.aspx

 

Apr. 2 Three bomb explosions outside ‪#Cairo University, security found a 4th bomb. (Anti-coup blames army/police then backed off that claim) http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/02/us-egypt-blast-idUSBREA310LX20140402

 

Apr. 2 Police arrested 7 ‪#Ikhwan a few hrs. b4 bombings ‪#Egypt‪http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/474332.aspx …

 

Apr. 1 #ikhwan allegedly attempted to murder #Coptic family and army officer son in #Sharqiyya#Egypthttp://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/01/1404978

April 1 #Ikhwan students at AinShams University beat up an al-Fajr journalist, took his camera & threatened female journalist http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/01/1405049

April 1 #Ikhwan student demonstrators headed for the Egyptian Ministry of Defense

http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/04/01/1405060

 

Mar. 31 5 killed, 11 woundered and 79 arrested in terrorist Brotherhood protests ‪http://ow.ly/vcB9r

 

Mar. 31 RT #Ikhwan’s “peaceful protesters” burn cars in #Azhar garage #Egypthttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFcMVPO5_zM

 

Mar. 31 An Ikhwan cell has been arrested in Alexandria for allegedly planning to cut hands and feet of Sisi supporters.

http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/450445

 

Mar. 31

RT Clashes between police and ‪#Ikhwan in ‪#Minya. 1 police injured, 5 arrested ‪#Egypt‪http://dostorasly.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=30032014&id=883df04f-7902-45c6-9b67-70064c50c460

 

Mar. 30 Members of Ansar al-Shari’ah fil Ard al-Kinana were arrested. They’ve taken credit for more than a dozen shooting incidents in Giza, Beni Suwayf and Sharqiyya http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/03/egypt_announces_arre.php?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter

 

Mar. 30 Ikhwan students block Sudan St. behind Cairo University clashing with non-Ikhwan citizens and no police presence.

http://elbadil.com/2014/03/30/طلاب-الإخوان-يقطعون-السودان-وغياب-ت/

 

Mar. 30 Violence escalated in front of Cairo University by Ikhwan students http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/473288.aspx

 

Mar. 30 One killed, three more injured in an attack on a police bus western Sheikh Zuwayd today ‪#Sinai‫#

 

Mar. 27 Mayada Ashraf, a journalist for al-Dostour was killed in Ain Shams. 4 others were killed (this reports 3) and 10 wounded. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Mar-28/251576-egypt-journalist-killed-as-police-islamists-clash.ashx

Mar 27 Egyptians and Ikhwan clashed in Dakahliyya and police and Ikhwan clashed in Faisal st. al-Haram, Giza. Shots were fired in clashes between Ikhwan and police in Mahalla. Ikhwan demonstrations in Qena and three demonstrations in Fayoum were dispersed by police by using tear gas; they also dispersed demonstrators in Madinat Nasr with tear gas.

Mar 27 Ikhwan fired at police in Helwan and police used tear gas. Heavy clashes. http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/03/28/1399097

 

Mar. 27 4 killed in clashes between armed MBs & security forces. Includes a journalist and a Coptic woman (stabbed) ‪http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1582535#.UzWxkZQKYeU.twitter

 

Mar 27 Persons unknown burned an #AlSisi campaign tent set up in #PortSaid#Egypthttp://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1581627#.UzVuxYWv8xI

 

Mar. 26 – Field Marshall al-Sisi formally resigns as Min. of Defense, meets with the military and then announces his candidacy as President. Gen. Sedky Sobhy becomes Min. of Defense.

Mar. 26 1 killed and 30 injured at #Cairo Univ. and #Zagazig Univ.

Mar. 26 Ikhwan students demonstrating in front of Cairo University, chanting against army and police.http://elwatannews.com/news/details/446543

Mar. 25 A new Ikhwan movement called Execution claims it has kidnapped a policeman and have details about 5000 others. http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/445980

Mar. 25 30 June investigative committee says Copts in Upper Egypt are still mistreated, suffering kidnappings and unable to rebuild burned churches. http://www.masrawy.com/news/egypt/politics/2014/march/25/5861238.aspx?ref=moreclip

Mar. 25 A bomb was found at the entrance to the police station at Shubra al-Khayma and was defused. http://almogaz.com/news/crime/2014/03/26/1395423

 

 

Mar. 25 Ikhwan destroyed army-run warehouse distributing food to the poor in #Fayyoum#Egypthttp://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/03/25/1395349

 

Mar. 25 Today unknown persons burned MobiNil’s tower in #Bahaira#Egypthttp://elwatannews.com/news/details/446253

 

Mar. 25 #Ikhwan surround Helwan police station. Police fire shots in the air and disperse them. http://elwatannews.com/news/details/446255

 

Mar. 25. ‪#Ikhwan supporter publishes call on FB for a Muslim Brotherhood army to confront ‪#Egypt’s police & army

http://almogaz.com/news/talk-shows/2014/03/25/1394276

 

Mar. 25 12 injured as Ikhwan and police clash in Sharqiyya. Ikhwan torched police truck http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/471650.aspx

 

Mar. 25. Ikhwan wearing masks with Rabaa sign burn the electricity main in Mahalla.

 

Mar. 25. Militants blow up gas pipeline again in southern Arish. https://twitter.com/muhamedsabry/status/448604761445904385/photo/1

 

Mar. 24. #Bedouin killed by militants in #Sinai for cooperating with #Egypt’s army/security. http://www.maannews.net/arb/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=684135

 

Mar. 24. School in #Qalubiyya closed today when incendiary device discovered #Egypthttp://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/444849

 

Mar. 24 Ikhwan burn a school to protest death sentences handed down by a judge in Minya. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4502752,00.html

 

Mar. 24. Unknown gunmen (suspected to be Islamic militants) shoot and kill a policeman on his way to work in al-Arish. http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=3f620134-81ae-49b8-bcb3-037d57ce32b7

 

Mar. 23. RT Two homemade bombs deactivated in #Cairo University. http://owl.li/uRTxg #Egypt

 

Mar. 21 8 Ikhwan arrested during violent clashes in Suez. Ikhwan also throw fireworks on AlHaram St. in Giza. 1 killed in Haram, unconfirmed reports that one person killed in Alexandria where there were also clashes, and clashes in Bahaira, Minufiyya, Gharbiyya and Fayoum. ‪http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/97220/Egypt/Politics-/One-dead-in-clashes-between-proMorsi-protesters-an.aspx

 

Mar. 21 Police in alFashn, Bani Sweif, foiled an attempt to blow up a branch of the National Bank. They found 2 explosive devices inside bank.

http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/414587

 

Mar. 20 ‪Ikhwan throw rocks at British consul’s police escort & injure a woman in ‪#Bahaira‪#Egypt‪http://www.masrawy.com/news/Cases/General/2014/March/20/5857167.aspx …

 

Mar 19 3 students killed today in clashes between pro-Morsi & police in universities across Egypt. Protests at Cairo University met with tear gas.

 

Mar 19 5 Ansar Jerusalem fighters killed in clashes at Qanatir al-Khayriyya http://www.longwarjournal.org/threat-matrix/archives/2014/03/egypt_says_5_ansar_jerusalem_f.php

 

Mar 18. Police trucks arrive after #Ikhwan students demonstrateing at al-Azhar block roads in the area. block http://elbadil.com/2014/03/18/مدرعات-الشرطة-تصل-محيط-جامعة-الأزهر/

 

Mar. 18 Ansar al-Shari3a says it murdered policemen because Morsi was deposed and for arrested Ikhwan women. http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/468888.aspx

 

Mar 18. Campaign called Batel calls for mobilization on Mar. 19th to bring back Morsi http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/03/18/1384178

 

 

Mar 18 Police raid pro-Rabaa conference in Garden City in Cairo and hold the attendees. http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=c44517a4-4eeb-450c-b85f-3693ff2b6315

(The above was also disputed today)

Mar. 18 #Ikhwan at #AlAzhar beat a campus security police unconscious & kidnap him off the campus. http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/03/18/1384125

Mar 16. Two men arrested planting bombs at high voltage towers in Giza supplying electricity to Haram, Faisal and other areas wo men arrested planting bombs at high voltage towers in Giza supplying electricity to Haram, Faisal and other areas ‪http://arabic.rt.com/news/668847-%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7_/ …

Mar. 15 Gunmen kill six army police officers in an attack near Cairo http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=c1235819-e9f9-4a6f-8035-dd351281e9b2

Mar. 14. Shaikh Moza of Qatar denied Saad Eddin Ibrahim’s claims about her support of 30 June & re alJazeera being run by Ikhwan http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1556242

 

Mar 14. Ikhwan clashed with people on al-Haram street and burned a store. http://almogaz.com/news/crime/2014/03/14/1378400

 

Mar. 14 Police used tear gas in Shoubra al-Khayma to disperse crowed which tried to block their truck http://www.youm7.com//News.asp?NewsID=1556695#.UyNFmmDGtGk

 

Mar. 14. Police dispered Ikhwan protesters today at Ain al-Shams; the protesters destroyed the cameras at the Matariyya Institute nearby. http://elwatannews.com/news/details/437398

 

Mar. 14 Pro-MB cleric Abdel Maksoud on Rabia TV says it’s peaceful to burn houses, cars of policemen nad terrorize opponents of the Muslim Brotherhood http://youtube/s6yDuGzjMuQ

Mar. 13 Saudi Arabia arrests the Ikhwan’s (Muslim Brotherhood’s) al-Shaer http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1554069#.UyRz62DGtGk

 

Mar. 13 Terrorist group Ansar Beit al-Maqdis disguised as Egyptian army and standing at a checkpoint in Rafah https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_mDQQ2uizoQ

Mar. 13 Gunmen attacked an army bus in al-Amiriyyeh in eastern Cairo, killing a soldier. These are believed to be Ikhwan cells, or at least, its supporters. Ansar Beit al-Maqdis later claimed responsibility. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-26559184

Alsohttp://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=a9b82f18-8bee-4911-b259-286c14d785e7

http://www.youm7.com//News.asp?NewsID=1555005

 

Mar 12. Saudi Arabia closes al-Jazeera’s office over Qatar’s support for Muslim Brotherhood. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/saudi-arabia-closes-local-al-jazeera-office-over-qatars-backing-for-the-muslim-brotherhood-9187856.html

 

Mar. 12 T #Ikhwan students demonstrating in front of #Cairo University #Egypthttp://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/466521.aspx

Mar. 12. Dahi Khalfan says Gulf-based Ikhwan are funding the rebellion in Egypt. http://english.alarabiya.net/en/webtv/news-bulletin/2014/03/12/1300GMT.html

 

Mar. 12 Ikhwan students gathered in front of Grand Imam’s house protesting arrest of female students.

طلابالإخوانبالأزهريحتشدونأمامبيتالطيباحتجاجًاعليمحاكمة 5 طالبات‪http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/466539.aspx …

 

Mar. 12 Interpol arrested Akram al-Shaer arrested in ‪#SaudiArabia and Mohammad Qabouti in ‪#Kuwait‪#Ikhwan‪#Egypt‪http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11218795 …

http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/96539.aspx

 

Mar 10 Unknown gunmen try to kill a policeman in Sharqiyya

Mar 9 #Ikhwan burn OnTV truck in front of ‪#Cairo Univ ‪#Egypt‪http://elbadil.com/2014/03/09/ طلاب-الإخوان-يشعلون-النيران-في-سيارة/‪#9iZKYQBIc9HFVqKJ.99

 

Mar 9 13 arrested at a bomb workshop in the Sinai in Arish city http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=79144edf-5874-4882-b715-c6b107718b9b

 

Mar 8 A bomb exploded today near the refugee center in October City. #Egypt http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/406850#

 

Mar 8 #Ikhwan students march against the return of campus police and for the release of other detained #Ikhwan students http://elwatannews.com/news/details/433028

 

Mar. 8 #Ikhwan students destroy electronic gates outside Mansoura University http://www.youm7.com//News.asp?NewsID=1545257

 

Mar. 8 Ikhwan women in Alexandria chant “US save them from violence” (yesterday, they were chanting against the US in Cairo) http://elwatannews.com/news/details/432993

 

Mar. 7 Hayat journalist harassed and attacked on live TV as she was covering Ikhwan demos in Alf Maskan

‪http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/03/07/1369010

Mar 7 Ikhwan dead in Alf Maskan as gunfire exchange with police begins. ‪#egypthttp://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/03/07/1368998

Mar 7 Police car torched on 26th of July axis to October 6th in front of Hyper one market by an MB demo

Mar 7 Police secretary killed in al-Arish #Egypt http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/egypt/2014/03/07/دماء-شرطي-مصري-تسيل-في-شمال-سيناء-برصاص-مسلحين.html

 

Mar 7 RT 5 police killed & 7 injured in #Matariyya #Egypt http://www2.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1543744#.Uxn_L2DGtGk

 

Mar 7 RT #Ikhwan burned police truck in Faisal St. #Haram #Egypt http://elwatannews.com/news/details/432268

 

Mar 7 Clashes between Ikhwan/pro-Ikhwan and security in Fayyum, Minya and Alexandria (since Ikhwan had organized protest demos today)

 

Mar. 6 Armed gunmen fire on pro-Sisi marchers in Shaykh Zuwaid http://elwatannews.com/news/details/431646

 

Mar. 6 National Council for Human Rights completes a report on police brutality in the Rabaa and Nahda dispersals & releases a video showing armed gunmen. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvIwvbOLNSw

 

Mar 6. Unidentified person(s) ignite a police car at Manial.

 

Mar 5 10 militants killed & 43 arrested in Sinai – according to Egyptian Army spokesman https://www.facebook.com/Egy.Army.Spox/posts/447169592080695?stream_ref=10

 

Mar 5 Israel says it seized a Gaza-bound rocket shipment coming from Iran. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/05/us-israel-gaza-ship-idUSBREA240X720140305?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter&dlvrit=992637

 

Mar 5 Bomb explodes near courthouse compound in Qena. No injuries.

 

Mar. 3 Attacks on police across Egypt – in addition to those below in Giza and Beni Souef, there were attacks in Mansoura and the Aswan http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/95763/Egypt/Politics-/Attacks-on-police-officers-continue-across-Egypt.aspx

 

Mar. 3 Police sergeant shot dead by ‘unknown’ gunmen in Beni Souef #Egypt http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=cbdb41a2-257f-4db2-ba16-f3a91e17b6b7

 

Attack on an ambulance in #Giza kills 1 policeman & wounds 1 #Egypt http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=df6382d7-3be9-4606-9ed0-f3d259bdc02a

 

Mar. 2 Clashes broke out outside Imbaba police station between police and the army as army was charged to secure the station.

 

Mar. 2 Three devices (bombs/proto-bombs) found on train to Banha and in Shubra station and were defused ‪www.marsadamny.com/t~7061

 

Mar. 2 8 Ikhwan were arrested for the burning of Samaloot police station. They had 2 bombs in their possession.

ضبط 8 إخوان متهمين بحرق مركز سمالوط بحوزتهم قنبلتان محليتا الصنع ‪http://www.youm7.com//News.asp?NewsID=1534382 …

 

Mar. 2 Mohammed Zammar (Ansar ash-Sham) was released with other 5 Islamists in a swap. He was imprisoned for being MB member ‪pic.twitter.com/yh0sElvz4X

Mar. 1 10 extremists killed, 11 arrested in Northern Sinai (in Arish, Rafah and Shaykh Zuwaid) http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=78e8c1ca-c706-42c3-ab19-8bf98cacd6ed

 

Mar. 1 After clashes, police arrested 10 pro-Muslim Brotherhood in Ain Shams, Marg and Walli and a 13 year old was killed in clashes in the Matariyya area of Cairo. 2 police were injured. The rioters threw a bomb at security forces which was defused, and set a microbus on fire. http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=d2e1c6a4-cfe5-4b8b-910f-c99e6f91e208

 

Feb. 28 2 dead, 16 injured in clashes between supporters of the Muslim Brotherhood and police at demonstrations in Cairo, Alexandria – and also 5 injured in Minya.

http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/402305

 

Feb. 28 A fruit vendor was beaten up by Ikhwan with chains & knives bec he asked them to stay away from his shop

‪http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/427660

 

Feb. 24 Arrests made of 8 Muslim Brotherhood members for using social networking sites to promote violence. Sites include Molotov Movement Against the Coup http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/members-social-networking-groups-arrested-inciting-violence-against-police-and-army

 

Feb. 24 Bombs found inside court & registry at Kafr al-Dawwar http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/bombs-found-inside-court-and-civil-registry-kafr-el-dawar

 

Feb. 22 Attackers on a motorbike shot an NSA officer in Zagazig (who died). http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/interior-ministry-nsa-officer-shot-dead-sharqiya

 

Feb. 21 A knife attack kills a Christian woman in upper Egypt.

http://www.christiantoday.com/article/knife.attack.kills.christian.woman.in.southern.egypt/35944.htm?utm_content=buffercbb10&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer

 

Feb. 21 Car belonging to the Tahrir Channel was burned) on Haram [street] and Ikhwan supporters were dispersed by security forces in the Arish area of Haram afte.http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/422565

Feb. 21 Beni Swayf, police aborted an attempt by 2 MB terrorist organization members to set fire to a police officer private car. He was injured & hospitalized. MB member Ahmed Ihab was arrested and the other member Belal Nehad Akasem, son of the leading MB member Nehad Alkasem in Beni Swaif. (source Min. of the Interior)

Feb. 21 Ultras Ahlawy clash with police and burn a police car after al-Ahli wins Africa Super Cup. 24 injured. http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/02/21/dozens-injured-ultras-ahlawy-police-clash/

 

 

Feb. 21 Police vehicle set on fire early in the am. In Alexandria.

 

Feb. 20 Bomb squad investigating a device reported in Coptic graveyard in Damas, Meet Ghamr.

 

Feb. 20 Policemen will get 30 percent of their basic pay as risk compensation, effective 1 March http://bit.ly/1ffbycD

Feb. 20 Three drive-by shootings in #Sharqiyya within 24 hours #Egypt http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/94794.aspx

Feb. 20 Some professors who either were Ikhwan or supporting them are fired by Cairo University and students involved in violent actions as part of protests were expelled. http://www.alarabiya.net/ar/arab-and-world/egypt/2014/02/19/فصل-دراج-والأستاذ-المتورط-في-سحل-ضابط-بجامعة-القاهرة.html

Feb. 20 6 jihadists killed in the Sinai by armed forces. http://madamasr.com/content/6-jihadis-killed-10-arrested-north-sinai

Feb. 19 RT #Egypt al-Zomor and Abd al-Meguid, ‘former’ terrorists seek asylum in the UK http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/02/19/1346179

Feb. 18 2 arrested for bomb manufacturing and other offenses in Mohandiseen and Giza. http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/two-arrested-over-manufacturing-bombs-mohandiseen

Feb. 18 Cairo University expels 350 & Rabaa tshirts etc. forbidden #Egypt #Ikhwan http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/02/18/134487

 

Feb. 18 RT Cairo U. refers Pakinam Sharqawi (for involvement in the summer riots) and Seif Abd al-Fattah (for being employed by presidency w/o permission from the university) to investigation http://www.ahram.org.eg/NewsQ/260327.aspx

 

Feb. 18 Unknown assailants fire on police checkpoint at Assiut wounding a policeman and a passerby http://elwatannews.com/news/details/420179

 

Feb 17 Army conscript shot by smugglers on the Egyptian-Israeli border south of Rafah. http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/smugglers-wound-conscript-borders-israel

 

Feb. 16 Egypt tourist bus blast killed 4: Three South Korean tourists, the Egyptian busdriver and injured nearly all 33 on board. Bus blew up after it entered Egypt from Israel. ‪http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26217380 …

 

Feb. 15 3 children and 1 adult injured by an explosion in Medinat Nasr behind a police station http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/394397

 

Feb. 14 Bomb thrown in front of Talibya police station – bomb squad tries to defuse

http://almogaz.com/news/crime/2014/02/14/1339458

 

Feb. 13 Yesterday 2 security at #Saqqara died as 2 gunmen fired on them. http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/02/13/1338444

Feb. 13. 3 arrested near the bomb-throwing at al-Warraq (yesterday aren’t Ikhwan but an independent cell.) http://gate.ahram.org.eg/News/455969.aspx

Feb. 12 A policeman standing guard outside Mar Guirguis Church is fatally shot http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/416750

Feb. 12 Three people on a motorcycle throw a bomb in a street in al-Warraq which was defused by the Egyptian bomb squad. ‪http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsI

 

Feb 12 Detained Egyptian ‪@USEmbassyCairo employee’s name appeared in e-mails 2top MBs that leaked to media ‪http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/220750

 

Feb. 12 108 Ikhwan who were arrested during violent clashes in Minya have been released on bail. http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/416394

Feb 10 Men on motorbike kill a policeman in Isma’iliyya http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/policeman-killed-gunmen-ismailia

 

Feb. 10 Ikhwan clash with teachers in Sharqiyya because teachers were gathering signatures to challenge the Ikhwan in the (teachers) syndicate

http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1500866&#.UvpAS2DGtGk

 

‪Feb. 10 Egyptian authorities accuse Muslim Brotherhood of forming an armed wing: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/egypt/10628009/Egypt-authorities-accuse-Muslim-Brotherhood-of-forming-military-wing.html

 

Feb. 9 More details on Muslim Brotherhood’s formation of a military wing http://uk.news.yahoo.com/egypt-says-muslim-brotherhood-formed-military-wing-173410512.html#PioO7RA

 

Feb. 8 Egypt’s army spokesman says airstrikes in Sinai Peninsula kill 16 armed fighters with ties to Muslim Brotherhood ‪http://aje.me/1cg7AKu

 

Feb. 8 New group calling itself Ajnad Misr on a Facebook page claims responsibility for Friday’s bombs in Cairo. http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=29682809-a831-4267-ae2f-8db8cb887574

 

Feb. 7, Riot police stabs officer to death yelling “Halal, Allahu Akbar”

Feb 7 Two bombs injure 4 at checkpoint on Fri. am http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/02/07/update-six-injured-police-checkpoint-bombing/

 

Feb. 7 Ikhwan carrying rifles in Feisal, Giza

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jXNpACXemTM

 

Feb 5, 2014. Muslim Brotherhood release home addresses of police officers. http://www.alwafd.org/تقارير-وتحليلات/620083-35-ألف-ضابط-بالداخلية-يبحثون-عن-التأمين

 

Feb. 4, 2014. The Ikhwan burn the home and car of an al-Sisi supporter in Sharqiyya who had killed an Ikhwan member after a previous clash http://dostor.org/الأخبار/قلب-مصر/366160-عناصر-الإرهابية-يحرقون-منزل-وسيارة-مؤيد-للسيسي-بالشرقية

 

Feb. 4, 2014. A Muslim Brotherhood member (or supporter?) arrested in Beni Souaif with an RPG. http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/410843

 

Feb. 4, 2014. Clashes in Fayyum between Ikhwan and police and 3 civilians are injured as a consequence. http://dostor.org/الحوداث/حوادث/366140-إصابة-3-في-اشتباكات-عنيفة-بين-الإخوان-والشرطة-بالفيوم

 

Feb. 4, 2014. Two soldiers injured in a bomb explosion in central ‪#Sinai. Bomb went off on the road as their truck drove by.

http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1489879#.UvEOxGDGtGk

 

Feb. 4, 2014 Security thwarts a terrorist plot to try to blow up a beacon [lighthouse] in the Suez Canalhttp://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1490172#.UvEO7mDGtGk

 

Feb. 4, 2014 2 explosive devices containing large amounts of TNT were found near a school in Badr City, New Cairo. Bomb squad defused them

http://www1.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1490025&SecID=65

 

Feb. 4, 2014 Jihad movement breaks away from the Coalition to Support Legitimacy (the group of pro-Morsi jihadist groups) says the coalition failed. http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/388281#

 

Feb. 4, 2014 Copts complain they are making jizya payments to Islamist extremists, still fear for their lives & police not doing anything. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2yK3Tqz1gwU#t=102

 

Feb. 4, 2014 A new movement called HanRa3bku (We’ll Scare You) starts and attacks police in Assiut http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/02/03/1322726

 

Feb. 2, 2014 Bomb defused near the fence of military installation in Hurghada http://www2.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1486453#.UvEUC2DGtGk

 

Feb. 2, 2014 15 year old arrested at #Ikhwan march in possession of 9 hand grenades . http://www2.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1486453#.UvEUC2DGtGk

http://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/386991#

 

Feb. 2 Statement of suspects in Virgin Mary incident in court (one trained by Zawahiri [brother]) other against leaders who don’t support shari`ah http://www.shorouknews.com/news/view.aspx?cdate=02022014&id=a074aaf2-1282-4839-8f9b-ac198c67ee1d

 

Feb. 1 4 Ikhwan members arrested in Alexandria – 2 trying to set police cars on fire and 2 others filming them.

 

Feb. 1 An Ikhwan dissident claims Ikhwan are trying to force the police into violence against them. Says Ikhwan planning commemoration of Battle of the Camel (which they were NOT victims in) on Feb. 11 http://www.youm7.com/News.asp?NewsID=1485565#.UvEgX2DGtGk

 

Feb 1 One of the Islamists who threw kids off a building in the summer, is at his trial trying to lead prayer. (Weeks later, he was later convicted) http://almogaz.com/news/politics/2014/02/01/1321348

 

January 31 Bomb (a soundbomb) went off at residence of Belgian Ambassador to Cairo

January 31, Two rockets exploded over Eilat as Israel’s Iron Dome defense system intercepted them. ABM claimed responsibility.

 

January 30, Senior officer’s Lt. Col. Amr Hassan (a senior prosecutor) car blown up by Molotov cocktails and a bomb in Minya, in upper Egypt. AMB claims responsibility. http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/93027.aspx

 

Jan 25 Ikhwan attack police with weapons and Molotovshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsdDvoJus_w

 

Jan. 24 4 Explosions rocked Cairo killing 5, car bomb near police headquarters, at a metro station in Dokki, police station near Talbia and at a movie theater, killing one http://world.time.com/2014/01/24/explosions-rock-cairo-five-dead-scores-injured/

Jan. 20 Two blasts heard near Eilat. At least one was a rocket fired from the Sinai. http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/92088.aspx

The Egyptian Military’s Holdings – Speculations.

Giovanni Piazzeze quotes me in the article below in http://www.pagina99.it/ (I’ve given him 3 interviews, but this is the 1st article I’ve seen) — I am not surprised by Robert Springborg’s opinion.  (He is employed at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey whereas I am independent, meaning my opinion is not vetted by anyone in the military’s Public Affair’s office.  I do not know if the NPS’s PAO is as invasive as the one at the U.S. Army War College (where I was)  or if the command cares as much about what is written, I doubt it).  Just know that Springborg has signed a petition asking the US to interfere in Egypt against “the coup”  & wrote disparaging articles about both Sedki Sohbi and al-Sisi (the latter based on Andrew Bostom’s FOIA request to the Army War College to obtain al-Sisi’s paper (which I’ve had here all along, pretty funny how he tries to make him seem like an Islamist in his effort to help Islamists).

Arguments that Egyptian military is so wealthy that it enacted the revolution to protect its  own holdings – well that’s the kind of argument that Jadaliyya likes. But it just does not hold up to scrutiny.  As I tried to explain to Giovanni (not included below) much of the critique of military industries is based on a general laissez-faire liberal capitalist stance in which there should be no government-owned industries as they are inherently inefficient.   However, they provide employment to thousands in Egypt.

BOZZA PAGINA MILITARI 5200 BATTUTE
Nell’Egitto paralizzato dagli attentati terroristici e dal crollo dell’economia, concetti come stabilità politica e sicurezza economica sono divenuti i capisaldi di qualsiasi dibattito. Se la responsabilità della prima ricade sull’esercito e la polizia, la seconda, almeno in teoria, dovrebbe dipendere dai capitali degli azionisti e dal coinvolgimento d’imprenditori pubblici e privati. Tuttavia, in Egitto una fetta importante dell’economia nazionale è sotto il controllo dell’esercito, slegata da qualsiasi norma generalmente applicabile agli uomini d’affari presenti nel paese. Sin dal 1952 l’esercito ha avuto un ruolo determinante. Dapprima a livello politico, con esponenti delle forze armate inseriti nelle posizioni ministeriali più importanti. Successivamente a livello economico, quando la firma del trattato di pace con Israele nel 1979 non rendeva più necessario il mantenimento di un esercito numeroso. L’effetto potenzialmente destabilizzante generato dal trattato era di lasciare molti membri dell’esercito senza un’attività lavorativa.
Così Mubarak, succeduto a Sadat nel 1981, decise di creare l’Organizzazione Nazionale per i Prodotti di Servizio, il cui fine era quello di assorbire la massa di persone estromesse dalle forze armate attraverso la creazione di entità commerciali e manifatturiere. Insieme al Ministero per la Produzione Militare e all’Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI), formano l’ossatura attorno a cui è stato costruito l’impero economico dei militari egiziani. Molte di queste attività sono esentate dal pagamento delle tasse, ricevono numerose agevolazioni fiscali e possono essere collocate praticamente ovunque, stando a una legge approvata nel 1991 secondo cui l’esercito può requisire per motivi di sicurezza nazionale le terre di cui ha bisogno. Non solo, dunque, le aziende che producono armi e mezzi militari, ma anche le fabbriche di beni di consumo quali acqua, pasta, olio, carne, elettrodomestici, automobili ed altro ancora. Nel corso degli anni l’esercito ha esteso i propri interessi anche nel ramo della sanità, del petrolio, del gas, del cemento e del turismo.
Esistono tuttavia delle incognite sul peso dei militari nell’economia egiziana, a partire dalla percentuale del Pil generato dalle loro aziende, su cui circolano cifre comprese tra il 5 e il 40%. Proprio pochi giorni fa, il Financial Times ha pubblicato un articolo in cui il generale Mohammed Amin, capo del dipartimento degli affari finanziari dell’esercito, riferiva che la quota del Pil in mano alle forze armate non raggiungesse neanche l’1% (1,75 miliardi di dollari). Graeme Bannerman, direttore del Middle East Institute, ritiene che “solo l’11% dell’economia sia nelle mani dell’esercito”. Anche Sherifa Zuhur, esperta di questioni mediorientali e che ha avuto tra i suoi allievi anche il generale Al-Sisi, è convinta che le cifre diffuse da molti media siano esagerate “Non mi sorprenderei se le cifre menzionate da Amin fossero un po’ più grandi, ma non di molto. Probabilmente la vera ricchezza dei militari egiziani risiede nel possesso della terra e nella partecipazione di ufficiali ed ex ufficiali nella gestione d’imprese commerciali. Un fatto, questo, riscontrabile anche negli Stati Uniti, ma con una differenza sostanziale. Negli Stati Uniti gli ufficiali in pensione vengono riassunti da compagnie private, mentre in Egitto vengono ricollocati all’interno di aziende di proprietà dell’esercito stesso”. Di parere diverso è invece Robert Springborg, che ha insegnato per anni alla Naval Postgraduate School di Monterey “Non esistono numeri ufficiali perché né il governo né i militari hanno mai reso pubblici questi dati. Ritengo, però, le cifre al ribasso sottostimino il ruolo dei militari nell’economia egiziana. Tutti sanno che l’esercito è responsabile per la maggior parte dei progetti infrastrutturali del paese, oltre ad avere un ruolo fondamentale nel settore degli idrocarburi, dei trasporti e dei consumi. I soli contratti edilizi fruttano centinaia di milioni di dollari”.
Al di là delle percentuali, variabili e poco indicative poiché non ufficiali, il problema risiede nella qualità, più che nella quantità, dell’economia dei militari. Già in passato, in un articolo pubblicato su Foreign Policy, Zeinab Abul Magd, docente presso l’Oberlin College, ha denunciato l’inefficienza e il clima di corruzione attorno alle forze armate. Opinione condivisa anche dallo stesso Springborg “La gestione delle attività economiche da parte dei militari è subordinata ai rapporti di potere che intercorrono tra i suoi membri. Per questo è un sistema intrinsecamente inefficiente e corrotto”.
Mercoledì sera il generale Al-Sisi ha ufficialmente dichiarato di essere pronto a candidarsi. Se, come ci si aspetta, sarà lui a vincere, dovrà affrontare una serie di problemi irrisolti. Dagli scioperi che hanno paralizzato il paese alla svalutazione della moneta e all’aumento dei prezzi (+69% dal 2010 per ciò che concerne bevande non alcoliche e cibo). Senza dimenticare la minaccia degli attentati terroristici e i rapporti con gli altri paesi, soprattutto con gli Stati Uniti. Cambiamenti che richiedono uno sforzo corale e che il prossimo presidente, a prescindere da chi sarà, non potrà raggiungere da solo.

Now Google translator is particularly bad with the double negatives but this will give you an idea:  

In Egypt paralyzed by the terrorist attacks and the collapse of the economy, concepts such as political stability and economic security have become the cornerstones of any debate. If the responsibility falls first on the army and the police , the second , at least in theory, should depend on the capital of the shareholders and the involvement of public and private employers . However , Egypt is an important part of the national economy under the control of the army, without ties to any rule generally applicable to businessmen in the country. Since 1952 the Army has played a crucial role . First, at the political level , with members of the armed forces included in the most important ministerial positions . Subsequently, at the economic level , when the signing of the peace treaty with Israel in 1979 did not make it no longer necessary to maintain a large army . The potentially destabilizing effect generated by the Treaty was to leave many members of the army without employment.
So Mubarak , who succeeded Sadat in 1981 , he decided to create the National Organization for the Products service , whose aim was to absorb the large numbers of people driven out by the armed forces through the creation of business entities and manufacturing . Together with the Ministry of Military Production and to the Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI) , form the backbone around which was built the empire of the Egyptian military . Many of these activities are exempt from paying taxes , they receive numerous tax benefits and can be placed almost anywhere , according to a law passed in 1991 that the army can requisition for reasons of national security of the land it needs. Not only that, therefore , the companies that produce weapons and military means, but also factories for consumer goods such as water, pasta, olive oil , meat, household appliances, automobiles and more. Over the years, the army has also expanded its interests in the field of health care, oil, gas , cement and tourism.
However, there are uncertainties about the weight of the military in the Egyptian economy , from the percentage of GDP generated by their companies , over which numbers between 5 and 40 % . Just a few days ago , the Financial Times published an article in which General Mohammed Amin , head of the department of financial affairs of the army , reported that the share of GDP in the hands of the armed forces did not reach even 1% (1, 75 billion dollars). Graeme Bannerman , director of the Middle East Institute , believes that ” only 11 % of the economy is in the hands of the army .” Even Sherifa Zuhur , an expert on Middle East issues and that he had among his pupils also the General al- Sisi , is convinced that the figures published by many media are exaggerated “I would not be surprised if the figures mentioned by Amin were a bit ‘ bigger , but not by much. Probably the real wealth of the Egyptian military lies in the possession of the land and in the participation of officers and former officers in the management of commercial enterprises. A fact that is also reflected in the United States , but with one major difference . In the United States retired officers are summarized by private companies , while in Egypt are relocated within companies owned by the military itself. ” A different opinion is instead Robert Springborg , who has taught for years at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey “There are no official numbers because neither the government nor the military has never made ​​this information public . However, I believe the figures downward underestimate the military’s role in the Egyptian economy . Everyone knows that the army is responsible for most of the infrastructure projects in the country, as well as having a key role in the hydrocarbon sector , transport and consumption. The only construction contracts earn hundreds of millions of dollars. ”
Beyond the percentage variables and just as indicative unofficial , the problem lies in the quality , rather than quantity, the economy of the military. In the past , in an article published in Foreign Policy , Zeinab Abul Magd , a professor at Oberlin College, has denounced the inefficiency and corruption of the climate around the armed forces. Opinion is also shared by the same Springborg ” The management of economic activities by the military is subordinate to the power relations that exist among its members . For this is an inherently inefficient and corrupt . ”
Wednesday night the General Al- Sisi has officially declared to be ready to apply . If , as expected , he’ll win , will face a number of unresolved issues . By the strikes that paralyzed the country to currency depreciation and rising prices ( +69 % since 2010 as regards non-alcoholic beverages and food). Not to mention the threat of terrorist attacks and relations with other countries , particularly the United States. Changes that require a collective effort , and that the next president, regardless of who will not be able to reach alone.